{"id":131020,"date":"2022-10-25T08:49:48","date_gmt":"2022-10-25T05:49:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ekoenergy.org\/?p=131020"},"modified":"2022-10-31T11:06:45","modified_gmt":"2022-10-31T09:06:45","slug":"energy-challenges-in-sub-saharan-africa-interview-with-ruth-langsi-yeloma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ekoenergy.org\/fr\/energy-challenges-in-sub-saharan-africa-interview-with-ruth-langsi-yeloma\/","title":{"rendered":"Les enjeux \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques en Afrique subsaharienne : Interview avec Ruth Langsi Yeloma"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Photo d’un des projets solaires financ\u00e9s par EKO\u00e9nergie au Cameroun. Pour un aper\u00e7u de tous les projets d’\u00e9nergie renouvelable financ\u00e9s, voir notre page sur notre Fonds pour le Climat<\/a>. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

600 millions de personnes en Afrique subsaharienne n’ont pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La question \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique en Afrique sub-saharienne est un enjeu important. Comme Fatih Birol, directeur de l\u2019Agence internationale de l\u2019\u00e9nergie, et Frans Timmermans, premier vice-pr\u00e9sident de la Commission europ\u00e9enne, nous le rappelle dans un article du 17 juin 2021 : \u00ab Pr\u00e8s de 800 millions de personnes n\u2019ont toujours pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00e0 travers le monde, dont 600 millions en Afrique subsaharienne \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous avons pu \u00e9changer autour de cette question avec Madame Langsi Yeloma Ruth, Agro-Environnementaliste-\u00c9conomiste, coordinatrice de l’Union Africaine des ONG de D\u00e9veloppement (UAOD) et cheffe de l\u2019antenne camerounaise de l\u2019association Terre des jeunes, membre du Conseil international d\u2019EKO\u00e9nergie. D\u00e8s le d\u00e9but de la conversation, elle affirme que les \u00e9v\u00e9nements contemporains fragilisant la stabilit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique dans le monde ont \u00ab des effets importants en Afrique sub-saharienne. Ils participent \u00e0 accentuer la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 africaine au sein de ce syst\u00e8me mondialis\u00e9 \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019\u00e9nergie est un des verrous principaux du d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019Afrique subsaharienne.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e8re Ruth, comment d\u00e9finiriez-vous la situation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique actuelle en Afrique subsaharienne ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab La raret\u00e9, l\u2019inaccessibilit\u00e9 et la pauvret\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique est extr\u00eamement importante dans le quotidien de plusieurs millions d\u2019habitants d\u2019Afrique subsaharienne. L\u2019insuffisance et le co\u00fbt \u00e9lev\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 p\u00e9nalisent de nombreux secteurs comme l\u2019industrie, le transport et toutes les activit\u00e9s modernes et illustrent la faible consommation d\u2019\u00e9nergie dans cette aire g\u00e9ographique, qui est \u00e0 la fois un sympt\u00f4me de pauvret\u00e9 et un obstacle \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9lioration \u00e9conomique et sociale. L\u2019\u00e9nergie animale, humaine s\u2019impose comme les alternatives dominantes \u00e0 cette pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique en Afrique subsaharienne, limitant ainsi le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique et social tout en limitant la cr\u00e9ation de nouvelles opportunit\u00e9s pour les habitants, notamment pour les femmes. Des innovations sont \u00e0 rechercher pour que l\u2019\u00e9nergie ne soit plus un frein mais un catalyseur du d\u00e9veloppement \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En parlant d\u2019innovations, y-a-t-il eu des programmes ou des id\u00e9es d\u2019exp\u00e9rimentations \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s en Afrique subsaharienne, pour contrer ce probl\u00e8me majeur ? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab La r\u00e9gion subsaharienne de l\u2019Afrique a connu de nombreuses exp\u00e9rimentations ou programmes dans le but de lutter contre la pauvret\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique \u2013 notamment dans les zones enclav\u00e9es aux forts potentiels agricoles et industriels. De nombreux r\u00e9sidus agricoles les plus divers \u2013 graines de coton, bagasse de canne \u00e0 sucre, coques de cacao, de caf\u00e9 ou d\u2019arachide, etc. \u2013 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sollicit\u00e9s. Ces exp\u00e9riences certes ing\u00e9nieuses permettent seulement de satisfaire des besoins locaux et ne peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9pliqu\u00e9es \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle. Si l\u2019on se penche sur la question des \u00e9nergies renouvelables, leur co\u00fbt et leurs exigences technologiques les ont longtemps plac\u00e9es hors de port\u00e9e des possibilit\u00e9s africaines, notamment des personnes les plus pr\u00e9caires, qui sont les principaux touch\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. Ces innovations sont, dans le contexte \u00e9conomique et sociale de l\u2019Afrique subsaharienne, limit\u00e9es et non vertueuses \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quels sont les impacts directs li\u00e9s \u00e0 cette question de l\u2019\u00e9nergie ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Malheureusement, elles sont nombreuses et ne peuvent \u00eatre quantifi\u00e9es, car l’\u00e9nergie est une condition pr\u00e9requise \u00e0 presque toutes les activit\u00e9s humaines. Je peux citer deux exemples : <\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • Sur le plan \u00e9conomique, le prix \u00e9lev\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 est un obstacle majeur \u00e0 l\u2019industrialisation, ou encore, est un frein au d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique et \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de nouvelles opportunit\u00e9s ou alternatives professionnelles et vertueuses.<\/li>
  • Sur le plan \u00e9cologique, la croissance d\u00e9mographique de l\u2019Afrique subsaharienne est certaine et \u00e9lev\u00e9, de l\u2019ordre de 2 \u00e0 3 % par an, amenant cette population \u00e0 doubler d\u2019ici 20 ans, et par cons\u00e9quent, celles des aires urbaines \u00e9galement. Or, la consommation des population citadines est diff\u00e9rentes des populations rurales : le charbon de bois est souvent pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 en milieu urbain car moins encombrant, plus facile d\u2019utilisation que le bois. Ainsi, avec la conjoncture d\u00e9mographique que conna\u00eet cette aire g\u00e9ographique, doubl\u00e9 \u00e0 cela la consommation de charbon de bois dans les centres urbains, l\u2019accroissement de la consommation de charbon de bois pour subvenir \u00e0 une population de plus en plus grandissante aura un impact significatif sur l\u2019environnement.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Ainsi avec un co\u00fbt \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique \u00e9lev\u00e9, notamment pour les innovations et installations d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables, l\u2019utilisation du charbon de bois, source beaucoup moins ch\u00e8re, sera malheureusement pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9e dans les grandes villes d\u2019Afrique subsaharienne. Si l\u2019on conjugue \u00e0 la fois les impacts \u00e9conomiques et environnementaux, on y dessine malheureusement un cercle vicieux : un prix de l\u2019\u00e9nergie actuel hors de port\u00e9e, une \u00e9nergie rare notamment dans les zones rurales limitant et bloquant toutes cr\u00e9ations d\u2019alternatives vertueuses tant socialement qu\u2019\u00e9cologiquement \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    L’\u00e9nergie solaire conna\u00eet une croissance rapide dans le monde entier et apporte d\u00e9sormais de l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00e0 un prix abordable dans de nombreuses r\u00e9gions du monde qui n’avaient jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9lectrifi\u00e9es auparavant. Comment voyez-vous cette \u00e9volution dans la r\u00e9gion subsaharienne ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00ab L\u2019Afrique a fait de grands progr\u00e8s dans le d\u00e9veloppement de l’\u00e9nergie solaire. Au Cameroun,  le d\u00e9veloppement de ces \u00e9nergies renouvelables n\u00e9cessitera la mise en place d’un contexte \u00e9conomique et r\u00e9glementaire adapt\u00e9, incluant la d\u00e9centralisation des moyens de production de l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et un cadre l\u00e9gal favorisant le d\u00e9veloppement d’un march\u00e9 assurant sa p\u00e9rennit\u00e9 dans le long termes. Cela peut se faire en r\u00e9duisant les co\u00fbts de vente et des installations trop \u00e9lev\u00e9s \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    En concluant notre \u00e9change, Ruth Langsi Yeloma r\u00e9affirma que \u00ab l\u2019\u00e9nergie est un des verrous du d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019Afrique subsaharienne \u00bb. Elle ajouta que les \u00ab exp\u00e9riences du pass\u00e9 ont montr\u00e9 que les meilleures chances pour lutter contre la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique reviendront aux innovations ne se contentant pas d\u2019importer des solutions technologiques exog\u00e8nes, mais \u00e0 des solutions r\u00e9pondant aux besoins et possibilit\u00e9s des consommateurs africains \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ch\u00e8re Ruth, merci beaucoup pour cette \u00e9change et nous vous souhaitons le meilleur dans vos activit\u00e9s d’aide aux populations et de pr\u00e9servation et de protection de la nature au Cameroun !<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Publi\u00e9 le 31 Octobre 2022<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    600 millions de personnes en Afrique subsaharienne n’ont pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 La question \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique en Afrique sub-saharienne est un enjeu important. Comme Fatih Birol, directeur de l\u2019Agence internationale de l\u2019\u00e9nergie, et Frans Timmermans, premier vice-pr\u00e9sident de la Commission europ\u00e9enne, nous le rappelle dans un article du 17 juin 2021 : \u00ab Pr\u00e8s de 800 millions de personnes […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":131043,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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